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Seçilmiþ Ülkelerde Bilim, Teknoloji ve Ýnovasyonla ilgili Strateji, Plân, Program ve Yasal Düzenlemeler www.inovasyon.org tarafýndan 2006 Aralýk ayýnda derlenmiþtir. Son yenileme tarihi: 28 Þubat 2009 |
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National Strategies, Plans, Programs and Legal Arrangements for Science, Technology and Innovation in Selected Countries Compiled by www.inovasyon.org in December, 2006. Last update date: 28th February, 2009. |
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National Strategies, Plans, Programs, etc. |
Period Covered |
Main Objectives |
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Australia |
Backing Australia’s Ability: An Innovation Action Plan for the Future
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2001-02 / 2010-11 |
With total funding of $8.3 billion over the 10 year period from 2001-02 to 2010-11, the Backing Australia’s Ability initiative is the largest and most comprehensive single set of programmes and measures put in place by an Australian Government in support of science and innovation. It targets three key elements of the innovation system: Strengthening the Australians’ ability to generate ideas and undertake research, accelerating the commercial application of ideas, and developing and retaining their skills. Australia.BackingAustralia'sAbility.ActionPlan2001.pdf Australia.BackingAustralia'sAbility.InnovationReport.2006-07.pdf |
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venturousaustralia: building strength in innovation |
2009-2019 |
“venturousaustralia is a review of the National Innovation System that was completed at the end of 2008. The Government is considering the Review's recommendations in preparing a 10 year White Paper on Innovation. It is intended that the White Paper be made available early in 2009. The White Paper will provide a robust 10-year framework to develop innovative performance across all areas of Australia’s national innovation system.” [http://www.innovation.gov.au/innovationreview/Pages/home.aspx; 13 February, 2009] Australia.NIS.Review.Web3.2008.pdf Australia.NIS.Review.Web3.2008.summary.pdf “As part of the review process, a separate review of the Cooperative Research Centres was undertaken. The report from that Review - Collaborating to a purpose - is available below.” [http://www.innovation.gov.au/innovationreview/Pages/home.aspx; 13 February, 2009] |
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Austria |
Strategie 2010 – Perspektiven für Forschung,Technologie und Innovation in Österreich ["Strategy 2010 - Perspectives for Research, Technology and Innovation in Austria] |
2005-2010 |
In the course of the Alpbach Technology Symposium 2005 Knut Consemüller and Günther Bonn, chairman and deputy chairman of the Austrian Council, presented the Council’s new position paper, the "Strategy 2010 - Perspectives for Research, Technology and Innovation in Austria" to the public. "Strategy 2010" builds upon the National Research and Innovation Plan (NAFIP) published in December 2002 and it contains guidelines for Austrian research, technology and innovation policy with a time horizon of 2010 and beyond. The Austrian Council hopes, that it will stimulate broad discussion within the government and in parliament, and sees this document as the basis for a strategy for Austria to be formulated by decision makers that should also include an implementation plan. |
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Brazil |
Plano de Ação 2007-2010: Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para o Desenvolvimento Nacional (Action Plan 2007-2010: Science, Technology and Innovation for National Development)
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2007-2010 |
During the plan period 2007-2010, it will be invested R$ 41 billion (about 15.7 billion euros, 28/01/2008 exchange rate) across all S&T areas. Funds will come mainly from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) own budget, but budgetary and other financial resources from other ministries with significant research expenditures and institutes will also be important sources of funding for the Plan, like the ministries of Mining and Energy (through the giant state oil and gas company Petrobrás), Agriculture (through its Agricultural Research Enterprise EMBRAPA), Defence (through its network of research institutes), Education (through its agency for support of graduate education CAPES) and Health (through its health research institution FIOCRUZ). Two major challenges cited by the Ministry of Science and Technology at the time of the plan’s announcement were: 1- To make Brazilian enterprises to do more research, development and innovation and 2- To promote research in strategic areas such as biofuels. The plan's main priorities are enlargement of business innovation and consolidation of the national STI system. In order to meet these, the plan has established 4 strategic priorities composed of 21 action lines and 88 programmes and policy initiatives. Furthermore, the plan will integrate its actions with the industrial policy and the corresponding development plans of the health, education and agriculture areas. |
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Canada |
Advantage Canada - Building a Strong Economy for Canadians |
2007 onwards |
In November 2006, Canada’s federal government released Advantage Canada, an economic plan to make Canada a world leader for current and future generations. Advantage Canada is based on the premise that Canada already has tremendous strengths—including the drive and ingenuity of Canadians, the relative strength of Canada’s fiscal position, and her strong research base. It also recognizes that Canada can and must do more to turn Canadians’ ideas into innovations that provide solutions to environmental, health, and other important social challenges, and to improve the economic competitiveness of Canada. |
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Mobilizing Science and Technology to Canada’s Advantage |
2007 onwards |
This science and technology (S&T) strategy—Mobilizing Science and Technology to Canada’s Advantage—is the government’s plan to achieve the goals put forward in the Advantage Canada. It sets out a comprehensive, multi-year science and technology agenda.” |
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Chile |
Hacia Una Estrategia Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad [Towards a National Innovation Strategy for Competitiveness]
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2006 onwards |
“… Chile is facing an enormous opportunity to reach the stage of development. To achieve it, a virtuous combination between the advantages of the natural resource export model, in which Chile has already made great progress, together with the capabilities created by an increasing effort in the generation of human capital and knowledge is needed. The latter, when applied to the production process, permits a leap forward to sectors based on acquired competitive advantages. “This path will allow the country to face the increasingly tougher international competition successfully, to continue expanding it goods and services in the global marketplace, and to increasingly provide more and better jobs for a higher skilled labour force. It will also provide dividends in terms of increased equity. By strengthen the development of knowledge-base sectors due to its non rivalry; profits may be distributed more equitably compared to those highly concentrated capital or natural resources-based sectors.” Chile.HaciaUnaEstrategiaNacionalDeInnovación.vol.I.2006.pdf Chile.Towards.a.National.Inno.Strategy.vol.I.2006.pdf Chile.HaciaUnaEstrategiaNacionalDeInnovación.vol.II.2008.pdf |
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China |
National S&T Development Plan for the 11th Five-year Period (2006-2010)
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2006-2010
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“The National S&T Development Plans began in 1950s. It is intended to strategically plan resource distribution, industrial activities, and development targets for a certain period. “By 2006, nine national S&T development plans had been produced: - The National S&T Development Twelve-year Plan 1956-1967; - The National S&T Development Ten-year Plan 1963-1972; - The National S&T Development Eight-year Plan 1978-1985; - The National S&T Development Fifteen-year Plan 1986-2000; - The National S&T Development Ten-year Plan 1991-2000; - The National S&T Development Plan for the 9th Five-year Period (1996-2000) and The Long-term Goal in 2010 (which is not published); - The National S&T Development Plan for the 10th Five-year Period (2001-2005); - Medium- and Long-term National Plan for S&T Development (2006-2020); and - The National S&T Development Plan for the 11th Five-year Period (2006-2010). “These plans allocate and mobilise resources based on previous years' development, and set various goals for different stages of S&T development. “The National S&T Development Plan for the 11th Five-year Period (2006-2010) was developed according to the guidelines of the Medium- and Long-term National Plan for S&T Development (2006-2020) and proposed the corresponding strategy for S&T development over next five years. “Main issues addressed: - Increasing R&D investment; - Reformulating the S&T budget structure; - Encouraging enterprise innovation; - Enhancing intellectual property protection; - Creating a favourable environment for S&T researchers; - Improving the S&T management and coordination system.” [erawatch; 02 February, 2009] |
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Medium- and Long-term Programme for Science and Technology Development: 2006-2020 / The National Guideline On Medium- and Long-Term Programme for Science and Technology Development (2006-2020) |
2006-2020 |
“The Medium- and Long-Term National Plan for S&T Development 2006-2020 was prepared as a guide for an S&T development strategy in China for the first 20 years of the 21st century. “Since China established the principle that S&T is crucial to development, it is widely recognised that China has made great progress in S&T. However, compared to other industrialised countries, the overall level of S&T development in China still falls short. Moving beyond imitation and into innovation is considered to be one of the main challenges for China. “The first 20 years of the 21st century are regarded as a key strategic period for China. It is hoped that China will not only move closer to industrialised countries in S&T fields, but also become a leader in emerging S&T fields. In this context, the document suggests ‘selective development’ and enhancing indigenous innovation capacity as an S&T development strategy over the next fifteen years, which is in line with the status quo of China. “Due to limited technological and financial resources, it is unrealistic to develop all disciplines and fields simultaneously. Instead, priority is given to certain key fields, deemed to have major socio-economic implications. Resources are mobilised to focus on these fields to make them internationally competitive.” [erawatch; 02 February, 2009] The National Guideline On Medium- and Long-Term Programme for Science and Technology Development (2006-2020) was issued by the State Council on February 09, 2006. According to the Guideline, the proportion of research and development expenditures should reach 2,5 percent of the gross domestic product, by 2020. It is also said that, by 2020, - The progress of science and technology will contribute 60 percent or above to the country's development. - Meanwhile, the country's reliance on foreign technology will decline to 30 percent or below. - And the number of patents granted to Chinese nationals and the introduction of their academic essays are expected to rank among the first five in the world. |
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Denmark |
Fremgang, fornyelse og tryghed - Strategi for Danmark i den globale økonomi [Progress, Innovation and Cohesion - Strategy for Denmark in the Global Economy] |
2007-2010 |
"Denmark should be among the most attractive countries in the world to live and work in – also in 10 and 20 years from now. Denmark should be a country where everyone is optimally equipped to unfold their abilities and create prosperity for themselves and for others. A country that has a global outlook and plays an active role in the world community. A country where everyone participates in the renewal process and where everyone shares in progress and cohesion. "In order to seize the opportunities, the Danish society should be transformed. It is essential to invest in Denmark’s future, to generate better opportunities for growth and prosperity. It is essential to set new, ambitious objectives." |
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INNOVATIONDENMARK 2007-2010 The Danish Council for Technology and Innovation's Action Plan for More Innovation and Effective Knowledge Dissemination |
2007-2010 |
“In future the ability of Danish companies to be innovative and use new knowledge will be a crucial parameter in their exploitation of the possibilities that growing globalisation presents. “This means that it is vital that Denmark pursue an active innovation policy, focussing on strengthening the framework of company innovation and competitiveness. Thus research, development and innovation policies will become increasingly important in the coming years. This will reflect the policy requirements of high growth and high employment. “…The Danish government and Parliament set out the framework for innovation policies in Denmark. The Danish Council for Technology and Innovation (DCTI) is, together with The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation tasked with realising a large part of these innovation policies to achieve the best possible societal impact. “...’InnovationDenmark 2007-2010’ sets out the main direction of innovation policy activities up to 2010.” [The Danish Council for Technology and Innovation,2007] |
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Finland |
Science, Technology, Innovation |
2007-2011 |
Public research and development funding will be increased with the aim of raising the GDP share of private and public research funding to 4 per cent by the end of the decade… The aim of development measures is to: 1) Promote the overall functionality of the innovation system and the system’s ability to renew itself, 2) Enhance the knowledge base, 3) Improve the quality and targeting of research, 4) Promote the adaptation and commercialisation of research results, and 5) Secure adequate economic prerequisites for the activities. The continuous development of human resources ensures top-quality competence for the future as well. |
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France |
La loi de programme pour la recherche |
2006 onwards |
La loi de programme pour la recherche (The program law on research) addresses several issues with a middle-term approach (until 2010). Strengthening the existing National System of Research and Innovation by creating a 'Supreme Council of Science and Technology', restructuring the National Research Agency, and also creating a new research evaluation organisation is one of the main objectives of the Law. It also provides new legal tools to encourage cooperation between research institutions and Higher Education Institutes. Finally the document tackles the question of technological innovation support that should improve firms' competitiveness. |
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Germany |
Die Hightech-Strategie für Deutschland [The High-tech Strategy for Germany] |
2006-2009 |
"For the first time ever, the German government has developed a comprehensive national strategy for all its ministries with the aim of putting our country at the top of the world’s ranks in tomorrow’s most important markets. All political sectors that affect research and development will be geared to a clearly defined goal. This strategy puts innovation policy front and centre in government activities. "Our vision is a country that respects and rewards achievement in science and industry. We want to encourage people to strike out on new paths. We want a curious, learning society. We want to foster talent in all spheres – from the natural sciences to the humanities, from small start-ups to sizable SMEs. We are capable of turning Germany into the most research- friendly nation in the world by the year 2020. "For Germany, outstanding achievements are not an end in themselves in this connection. Global competition means that we always have to be a shade better than the competition. We need new ideas, new products and new system solutions in order to ensure our standard of living today and our children's standard of living tomorrow. We cannot win the competition over the lowest labour costs. However, we can certainly win the competition over the best ideas. "To achieve this goal, we are following up the High-Tech Strategy with concrete action: The German government is investing an additional €6 billion in research and development during the current legislative period. This represents the largest increase in research funding in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. A total of some €15 billion will be allocated for cutting-edge technology through the year 2009. This will bring Germany's federal government, Länder (state) governments, trade and industry closer to achieving their common goal: Boosting research expenditure to three per cent of gross domestic product by the year 2010." |
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Greece |
Strategic Plan for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation Under the NSRF 2007-13 |
2007-2013 |
This strategic plan presents the strategy for the development of research, technology and innovation under the NSRF (The National Strategic Reference Framework) 2007-13. The key objective of the development strategy for research, technology and innovation during the 2007-13 period is to restructure the Greek economy, gearing it towards high value added products and services, and achieve the transition to the knowledge economy and society. In formulating this strategy, consideration was given to the revised Lisbon strategy and the need for convergence with the European Union, as well as to globalisation and open innovation. |
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Hungary |
Law on Research and Technological Innovation |
2004 Onward |
The main purposes of the Law are: - To promote sustainable development of the Hungarian economy by improving the conditions to achieve and exploit R&D results and technological innovation; - To enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and facilitate the efficient exploitation of regional R&D and innovation possibilities; - To create jobs with high value added activities; - To improve the professional skills of researchers and promote the appreciation of their activities; - To contribute to the dissemination of advanced technologies to improve defence capabilities of the country." |
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A Kormány középtávú (2007-2013) tudomány-, technológia és innováció-politikai (TTI) stratégiája [Mid-term science, technology and innovation policy strategy (2007-2013)] |
2007-2013 |
“The main aim of the strategy is to put the Hungarian economy and society on a new development path by 2013, where knowledge and innovation is the engine of growth and businesses can enter global markets with competitive, knowledge- and technology-intensive products and services. Based on analyses of the current strengths and weaknesses of the Hungarian national innovation system, the strategy sets out several target indicators to be reached by 2010 and 2013, respectively. “Targets are defined for all relevant areas: the organisations performing and co-ordinating R&D activities, human resources, business innovation exploiting S&T results, national and regional intermediary organisations, international co-operation. The highest level aggregated target stipulates that GERD must reach 1.8 percent of GDP (2005: 0.95) and BERD 0.9 percent (2005: 0.37) by 2013.” [erawatch; 02 February 2009] |
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Iceland |
Science and Technology Policy: 2006-2009 (Policy Statement of the Science and Technology Policy Council) |
2006-2009 |
The STPC places highest priority on the followings: - To establish an internationally outstanding educational and scientific institutional system, closely connected to a dynamic economy, capable of providing leadership in responding to rapid changes; - To strengthen public competitive funding schemes and merge these in related areas; - To encourage private firms and the public sector institutions to join efforts in strengthening research and development in order to boost successful and profitable innovation and thus international competitiveness based on knowledge; - To redefine the role of the public sector in financially supporting scientific monitoring and research in support of public interest, environmental protection and sustainable economic growth. |
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India |
Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-12 / Report of The Steering Committee on Science and Technology for Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12)
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2007-2012 |
“India’s commitment to planned economic development is a reflection of our society’s determination to improve the economic conditions of our people and an affirmation of the role of the government in bringing about this outcome through a variety of social, economic, and institutional means. The Eleventh Five Year Plan, which was approved by the National Development Council on 19 December 2007, reaffirms this commitment. It provides a comprehensive strategy for inclusive development, building on the growing strength of the economy, while also addressing weaknesses that have surfaced.” India.11thFiveYearPlan.vol1.pdf India.11thFiveYearPlan.vol2.pdf |
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Ireland |
Building Ireland’s Knowledge Economy: the Irish Action Plan for Promoting Investment in R&D to 2010 |
2004-2010 |
"In order to realise this vision, the analysis undertaken reveals that the following targets need to be achieved: - Business investment in R&D should increase from €917 million in 2001 (0,9% GNP) to €2,5 billion in 2010 or 1,7% GNP; - R&D performance in the higher education and public sectors should increase from €422 million in 2001 (0,4% GNP) to €1,1 billion in 2010 or 0,8% GNP; - The combined increases in performance in business, higher education and public sector R&D should result in gross expenditure on R&D increasing to 2,5% of GNP by 2010; “Consequently, the number of researchers should reach 9,3 per 1.000 of total employment by 2010, from approximately 5,1 per 1.000 in 2001." |
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Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation |
2006-2013 |
Vision and Challenge: "Ireland by 2013 will be internationally renowned for the excellence of its research, and will be to the forefront in generating and using new knowledge for economic and social progress, within an innovation driven culture." |
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National Development Plan 2007-2013: Transforming Ireland A Better Quality of Life for All
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2007-2013 |
“The National Development Plan (NDP) 2007-2013 is a plan drawn up by the Irish Government which outlines priorities for investment during the period 2007-2013. There have been three earlier National Development Plans (1989-1993, 1994-1999 and 2000-2006. “NDP 2007-2013 notes the high levels of investment needed in the areas of Science and Technology, Enterprise Development, Agriculture and Food, Marine and Tourism to promote development in these areas. “The document highlights that while public funding of Research and Development has risen rapidly in recent years (more than doubling between 2000 and 2005), Ireland's performance in R&D is still behind that of the leading countries. The NDP document stresses that it is essential that Ireland develops a real competitive strength in this area. “The document states that the increased investment already underway in line with the ‘Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation 2006-2013’ will continue during the period covered by the NDP. “ [erawatch; 04 February, 2009] |
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Japan |
The Science and Technology Basic Law |
1995 onwards |
“The objective of this law is to achieve a higher standard of science and technology (hereinafter referred to as "S&T"), to contribute to the development of the economy and society in Japan and to the improvement of the welfare of the nation, as well as to contribute to the progress of S&T in the world and the sustainable development of human society, through prescribing the basic policy requirements for the promotion of S&T (excluding those relevant only to the humanities in this law) and comprehensively and systematically promoting policies for the progress of S&T.” |
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3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan |
2006-2010 |
“The core strategies of the third plan are: "Development of human resources who can produce excellent research findings, creation of a competitive environment, promotion of science, and creation of persistent innovations through strategic investment; and removal of systematic or operational obstacles to return the R&D benefits to society. S&T has a mission to address a broad range of these policy issues for the next five years. With this basic understanding, the third basic plan intends to indicate primary measures to be executed steadily by the government as a whole with the leadership of the Council for Science and Technology Policy." More to explore for 'Japan Science and Technology Policy': |
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'Innovation 25' |
2007-2025 |
“According to the Innovation 25 Long Term Strategic Objectives, innovation is recognised as playing a role in bringing forth new value and societal change, as well as environmental enhancements and human abilities. Innovation is therefore seen as an important factor that should be promoted through government policies. However, over the next 20 years there are various challenges. The three main issues are: 1) Population decline and ageing, accompanied by strong economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India , and China; 2) The globalisation of knowledge society and information, 3) Increased presence of global issues. “In light of these trends, innovation serves to competitively enhance Japan's international position, as well as strengthen Japan's contribution to the world. In sum, innovation serves to enhance labour productivity and labour capacity, thereby assisting economic growth; creates new markets and applications; and elevates the quality of life for people. “The main issues addressed by the Innovation 25 Long Term Strategic Objectives relate to the opportunities and threats facing Japan over the period to 2025.” [erawatch; 04 February, 2009] |
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Korea, South |
Vision 2025 Korea’s Long-term Plan for Science and Technology Development |
2000-2025 |
“By 2025, Korea will stand out as the major research hub in the Asia-Pacific region, engaging in the activation of the fundamentals of scientific study, promoting globalization, and forging a new atmosphere to the promotion of R&D. “Finally, by 2025, Korea should secure scientific and technological competitiveness in selected areas that are comparable to the level of G-7 countries. The nation will achieve this goal by: Creating, utilizing, and proliferating knowledge, heightening scientific literacy; and establishing a national operating system under the purview of S&T. “To attain affectively the above mentioned, long-term vision and goals, confidence must be acquired first to strategically cope with societal changes in the 21st century. Secondly, Korea has to do its best to develop the fields of information technology, life science, materials, alternative energies, the environment, mechatronics, and basic science by implementing the ‘selection and concentration’ strategy. Third, the government should solidify the national innovation system by changing the basic direction of S&T policy.” |
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2nd Science and Technology Basic Plan (2008-2012) |
2008-2012 |
“In 2007, the Korean National Science and Technology Council approved its second five-year S&T basic plan (2008-2012) which aims to help Korea become one of top five countries by 2012 in terms of S&T competitiveness. To this end, the plan sets major policy directions: to move from the existing follower/imitative innovation system to a creative/pioneering innovation system; to target 100 strategic technologies for the creation of future growth and the improvement of quality of life; to facilitate innovation in the services industry; and to expand the ratio of government R&D investment to GDP from 0.86% in 2006 to 1% in 2012.” [OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008] |
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Luxembourg |
Plan national pour l''innovation et le plein emploi [National plan for innovation and full employment] |
2006-2010 |
"The main issues of this plan are: - To increase and improve R&D investment particularly for the private sector; and - To facilitate innovation in all its forms by the promotion of R&D and innovation investments." |
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Mexico |
Programa Especial de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2008-2012 (PECiTI) [2008-2012 Special Program of Science, Technology and Innovation] |
2008-2012 |
The 2008-2012 Special Program of Science, Technology and Innovation is the sectoral planning instrument that defines the actions to be carried out in the field of science, technology and innovation in Mexico over the next few years and it will enable a short-, medium- and long-term perspective to be established for these topics. |
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Netherlands |
A new innovation policy |
2005 onwards |
"The Netherlands has drafted in 2005 a new innovation policy, consisting of a basic package for all entrepreneurs and a programme-based package aimed at supporting the Dutch industry in achieving global excellence, in a limited number of (business) areas. The programme-based package is characterized by an integral approach, resulting in user-driven public-private innovation programmes, thereby creating focus and critical mass. A unique aspect of the new approach is that industrial foresight processes are integrated with actual policy implementation. The total annual budget for the innovation programmes is to be at least EUR 200 million." |
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A new integrated step towards stimulating innovation: “Pôle de Compétitivité [Competitiveness Clusters]” |
2006 onwards |
"The purpose of the Pôle de Compétitivité is to optimise the innovative and commercial ability of our nation’s talent in nanotech and embedded systems. The essence of the Pôle is an interactive and -above all- inspiring community of people from industry, SME’s and science. The Pôle will become a unique ecosystem of excellence with broad benefits to society and our economy." [L. J. Brinkhorst, Minister van Economische Zaken, Speech in Eindhoven, 14 juni 2006.] |
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An innovative, competitive and enterprising economy… Coalition agreement dated 7 February 2007 |
2007 onwards |
“A vital, innovative economy is the basis of sustainable development and prosperity. The Netherlands will have to continue to work on maintaining and strengthening its competitiveness. Our ability to compete increasingly depends on our capacity to innovate and produce added value and quality. The essential requirements are a well-educated and well-equipped labour force, high-quality knowledge and information, an entrepreneurial spirit, a favourable business climate and wage restraint. Creativity is the source of innovation.” |
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New Zealand
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Statement of Intent 2008-2011 / MoRST Strategy 2008-2011 |
2008-2011 |
‘Statement of Intent (SoI)’ is the guiding document for the work of the Ministry of Research, Science and Technology (MoRST). It sets out the activities they will engage in over the next three to five years, and explains why they have selected some activities as their key priorities. It also provides the standard by which they measure their progress and achievements. Statement of Intent 2008-2011 emphasises outcomes for the Research, Science and Technology system (RS&T) – presenting six key attributes that characterise a “world’s best” small-country RS&T system. ‘MoRST Strategy 2008-2011’ put forward the strategic direction for MoRST for the same period. |
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Roadmaps for Science |
2007 onwards |
‘Roadmaps for Science’, are a series of documents designed to guide New Zealand’s science and research activity. They are a type of strategy, providing broad context and high level directions on a particular area of science from a New Zealand perspective. The Ministry of Research, Science and Technology (MoRST) has developed Roadmaps in four areas: - Energy Research Roadmap (Published December 2006) NewZealand.Energy.Research.Roadmap.pdf - Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies Roadmap (Published February 2007) NewZealand.Nanotechnology.Roadmap.pdf - Biotechnology Research Roadmap (Published March 2007) NewZealand.Biotechnology.Roadmap.pdf - Environment Research Roadmap (Published June 2007) |
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Norway |
St.meld. Nr. 20 (2004-2005) Vilje til forskning [Report No. 20 (2004–2005) to the Storting: Commitment to Research] |
2004-2010 |
This report, presented to the Storting (Norwegian Parliament) by the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, provides frameworks and shows the way forward for Norwegian research up to the year 2010. At the same time it paves the way for strengthening Norwegian research in the longer term. "… The Government’s goal is to ensure that Norway occupies a leading position internationally in terms of new technology, skills and knowledge" "… To enable Norway to become a leading research nation, the Government aims for an increase in the total investment in research to three per cent of the GDP by 2010. Public sources will account for one per cent of the GDP. The Government proposes to increase the capital in the Research and Innovation Fund to NOK 50 billion from 1 January 200" "… Priority will be given to research funds; international research cooperation; and strengthening of research in mathematics, the natural sciences and technology." |
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St.meld.nr.7 (2008-2009) Et nyskapende og bærekraftig Norge [Report No. 7 (2008-2009): An Innovative and Sustainable Norway] |
2009 onwards |
“We must act now so that Norway shall be among the world’s best countries to live in, not just for us, but for our children and grandchildren too. We must be successful in achieving renewal through development of new technology, new products and new solutions. We must lay the basis for more innovation in both the private and the public sectors.” Sylvia Brustad Minister of Trade and Industry The report, entitled “Report No. 7 (2008-2009) to the Storting [Norwegian Parliament]: An Innovative and Sustainable Norway", was presented by the Ministry of Trade and Industry in December, 2008. That is the first Report presented to the Storting [Norwegian Parliament] on Innovation. With this report, it is promised to create a framework for facilitating innovation and cooperation in the public and private sectors alike. It is said: “An important component of achieving this lies in strengthening industry-oriented research.” |
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Research expands frontiers Strategy for the Research Council of Norway
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2004-2010 |
“The primary aim of the Research Council of Norway is to promote top quality research in response to the needs of society. This strategy document focuses primarily on areas in which a need to chart out a new course is seen in relation to the existing situation, and describes the actions that the Research Council will take to fulfil the objectives set out in the Norwegian Government’s existing research policy. The Research Council also serves as an advisory body in the formulation of national research policy.” |
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Poland |
Kierunki zwiekszania innowacyjnosci gospodarki na lata 2007-2013 [Directions for increasing innovativeness of the economy for 2007-2013] |
2007-2013 |
“The document shows the directions and states the needs to create positive conditions to improve the innovativeness of the Polish research system. “The main priority of the document stated is the improvement of the innovativeness of Polish firms through strengthening the National Innovation System.” [erawatch; 14 February, 2009] |
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Portugal |
Plano Tecnológico - Uma estratégia de crescimento com base no Conhecimento, Tecnologia e Inovação [Technological Plan: A growth strategy based on Knowledge, Technology and Innovation]
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2006 onwards |
"This time of change is a time of opportunity for countries like Portugal, with its ambition to make up for its structural delays and return to the front line of progress and development." "… The Technological Plan is an idea to trigger change, a priority agenda and a political commitment which aims to promote Portugal’s development and competitiveness through a pledge focused on knowledge, technology and innovation." [Presentation to the Advisory Council of the Technological Plan; 19 July, 2006] Portugal.PlanoTecnologico.Documento.de.apresentação.pdf Portugal.TechnologicalPlan.PresentationDocument.pdf Portugal.TechnologicalPlan.MonitoringSys.pp.presentation.pdf |
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Russian Federation |
Strategy for Developing Science and Innovation for the period to 2015 |
2007-2015 |
“To regain its former position in global science and technology, the government has adopted a strategy for the development of science and innovation to 2015 in order to improve government funding programmes and to foster science and industry linkages. New government funding programmes have been established to support R&D in priority industries, including space and aviation, nanotechnology, biotechnology and software, and to support the development of HRST.” “The main target indicators and milestones are: i) To raise domestic R&D spending to 2% of GDP by 2010 and to 2.5% by 2015; ii) To enhance the prestige of Russian science by attracting young people to science and technology and raising the share of researchers under 39 years of age to 36% by 2016; iii) To increase innovation so that the share of enterprises introducing technological innovations reaches 15% by 2011 and 20% by 2016; and to see business expenditure for R&D reach 10% a year.” [OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008] |
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Slovak Republic |
Competitiveness Strategy for the Slovak Republic until 2010 |
2006-2010 |
"Slovakia must become, both at home and abroad, an outstanding country in science and technology, where exceptionally educated and creative people produce high-quality innovative goods and services." |
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Dlhodobý zámer štátnej vednej a technickej politiky do roku 2015 [Long-term Objective of the State S&T Policy up to 2015] |
2007-2015 |
“The Objective sets three broad targets: - Higher involvement of the S&T in development of Slovakia and more intensive participation by S&T in solving economic and social problems in Slovakia. - Better conditions for S&T development inside Slovakia and also for Slovakia’s activities within the European Research Area. - Setting targets for S&T development in the further mentioned areas (1) – (10) “Particular policy areas are specified in 10 chapters: (1) S&T Policy coordination. (2) R&D infrastructure. (3) Systemic priorities of R&D. (4) Thematic priorities include: health, new materials and technologies, biotechnologies, ICT, social infrastructure, energy, civilisation challenges, culture and art heritage, defence, environment and efficient use of domestic raw materials. (5) Support to S&T. (6) Framework model of organisation of financing Slovak science and technology up to 2010. (7) International cooperation in R&D. (8) R&D evaluation. (9) Popularising R&D. (10) Monitoring State S&T Policies.” [erawatch; 14 February; 2009] Slovakia.LongtermObjectives.S&TPolicy.by2015.presentation.pdf |
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South Africa |
National R&D Strategy |
2002-2012 |
"Science and technology is critical to the future of South Africa. Government recognises the key role it plays in providing an enabling environment for innovation and research and in building the human capital that we require for the future knowledge economy. "... In this regard, it is critical that government develops a strategic view of all actors, stakeholders and participants of the National System of Innovation through a single responsible department. This will allow better governance, more effective resource allocation and better outcomes in the short, medium and long term. "This strategy represents a milestone for the National System of Innovation in South Africa. It coincides with the establishment of the Department of Science and Technology, which will be charged with giving effect to this strategy. However, a more effective innovation system is a partnership developed between all institutions involved in creating new knowledge, producing innovations and diffusing them to the benefit of the people of South Africa and our region. Therefore, I encourage positive and proactive engagement with this strategy in order to rapidly and effectively implement its key programmes." [Message from the Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology, the Honourable Dr. Ben Ngubane] |
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Ten-Year Innovation Plan |
2008-2018 |
“Knowing that the level of economic growth envisaged by our country requires continual advances in technological innovation and the production of new knowledge, and in our common determination to build a better world, we are strengthening our role in the development and growth of South Africa. The country has ambitious growth targets, and we are certain to meet these with the Ten-Year Innovation Plan’s renewal and deepening of our focus on innovation. The growing investment in research and development outlined in the Plan will guarantee an environment that accelerates the realisation of the country’s innovation outcomes. “Equally fundamental to the Plan is its approach to innovation. As the first official innovation survey carried out by my Department shows, the considerable levels of innovation occurring in the business sector alone are at a level comparable with our international competitors. “As science is essentially forward-looking, the Plan provides strategic leadership and direction for modern science and technology in pursuit of South Africa’s socioeconomic goals, while remaining at the cutting edge of both human and scientific endeavour, as well as technological advancement. “I am convinced that this Plan contains the elements we require to produce a generally innovation-literate society and workforce, thus contributing greatly to the strengthening of South Africa ’s competitiveness in the knowledge era and arena.” [Mosibudi Mangena, Minister of Science and Technology] S.Africa.TenYearInno.Plan.2008-2018.pdf Republic of South Africa has some Sectoral and Corporate Strategies: S.Africa.NationalBiotechnologyStrategy.2001.pdf S.Africa.AdvancedManufacturingTechno.Strategy.pdf |
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Spain |
National Strategy for Science and Technology (Estrategia Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [ENCYT]) |
2007-2015 |
“The National Strategy for Science and Technology (ENCYT) was elaborated by the Spanish Government in 2006, as the backbone and the integration mechanism for the main guidelines that should govern research and innovation policies and programmes. “The ENCYT is the reference framework for future National and Regional R&D Plans and its temporary horizon is 2015. “This strategy stems from experience gained from previous National Plans and the outcomes of the PROGRAMA INGENIO 2010, which has given major impetus to science and technology in Spain. “The ENCYT is a document of consensus. It has been drawn up in conjunction with the key players in the Spanish Science and Technology System, representing the State Government, the Regional Autonomous Communities, R&D and Innovation actors (scientists and technical experts), social partners (unions and employers), etc. “Basic Principles: - To place R&D and Innovation at the service of citizens, social welfare and sustainable growth, with the full and equal integration of women in public life; - To make R&D and Innovation a mean for enhancing business competitiveness; and - To acknowledge and promote R&D as a key factor for creating new knowledge. “Strategic Targets: - To put Spain at the forefront of knowledge; - To promote a highly-competitive business sector; - To integrate the regions within the Science and Technology System; - To boost the international scope of the Science and Technology System; - To create a favourable climate for R&D and Innovation investment; and - To establish suitable conditions for disseminating science and technology.” “…As can be observed, the targets are general and sometimes very abstract. However, Programa Ingenio and Plan Nacional de I+D+I, mentioned below, have been included quantitative objectives.” |
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Programa Ingenio 2010 |
2005-2010 |
"The strategic objectives of INGENIO 2010 are: - Increase public and private expenditure in R&D and Innovation: Increase total R&D spending to 2% of the GDP by 2010. For this purpose, public expenditure will increase in the rate of 25% in the following two years. - Increase entrepreneurial participation in R&D activities: Increase total R&D spending of the private sector to 55% of the GERD by in 2010. For this purpose, resources will be focussed in priority areas that will promote the cooperation between the public and the private sectors…" |
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Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008-2011 (National Plan for Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation: 2008-2011) |
2008-2011 |
“The National R&D and Innovation Plan is the programming instrument of the Spanish Science and Technology System in which the medium-term objectives of and priorities for research, development and innovation are defined. “Currently, this planning exercise falls within the frame of reference provided by the National Science and Technology Strategy. It sets out the basic principles for guiding all R&D and technological innovation activities until 2015 and, consequently, activities financed under the National Plan.” |
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Sweden |
Innovativa Sverige - en strategi för tillväxt genom förnyelse [Innovative Sweden: A strategy for growth through renewal]
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2005 onwards |
“The ‘Innovative Sweden’ strategy, which stakes out a path for further work, has been drawn up by a working group comprising representatives of the Ministry of Industry, Employment and Communications, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, in cooperation with other relevant ministries. In the course of the work, the group has canvassed the views of the business sector and the trade union movement, as well as representatives of the research and education community and public agencies. The strategy is intended for gradual implementation in such forms as Government measures set out in bills presented to the Swedish Parliament and instructions to central government agencies. Consultation and contacts with different sectors of society will continue during the implementation phase.” Main Target of the Strategy: "Sweden has a good starting point... "Few countries today are in as good a position as Sweden to do well in the knowledge-based economy and benefit from internationalisation. In leading international surveys of conditions for business, innovation and future growth, Sweden ranks first or among the best in the world. "... but conditions are changing As a result, we will be increasingly required to further concentrate our strengths and bolster areas in which Sweden is or may become vulnerable in the future." |
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Switzerland |
Botschaft über die Förderung von Bildung, Forschung und Technologie in den Jahren 2004–2007 [Statement to the Promotion of Education, Research and Technology 2004-2007] |
2004-2007 |
"More effective and efficient public expenditure on R&D; Grants to public sector research institutions; Strengthen and create centres/networks of excellence; Improving R&D co-operation and technology transfer; Grants to support business R&D, and R&D collaboration; Enhancing the mobility of researchers." Switzerland.Promotion.Education.R&T.Outlines.pdf Switzerland.Förderung.von.Bildung.Forschung.und.Technologie.pdf |
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Botschaft über die Förderung von Bildung, Forschung und Innovation in den Jahren 2008–2011 [Statement to the Promotion of Education, Research and Innovation 2008-2011] |
2008-2011 |
Official government programme paper on the education, research and technology policy to be pursued in the period 2008-2011… Switzerland.Bildung.Forschung.und.Inno.2008-2011.Summary.pdf Switzerland.Bildung.Forschung.und.Inno.2008-2011.pdf
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United Kingdom |
Science and innovation investment framework 2004-2014 / Science and innovation investment framework 2004-2014: next steps
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2004-2014 |
"Harnessing innovation in Britain is key to improving the country’s future wealth creation prospects. For the UK economy to succeed in generating growth through productivity and employment in the coming decade, it must invest more strongly than in the past in its knowledge base, and translate this knowledge more effectively into business and public service innovation. The Government’s ambition, shared with its partners in the private and not-for-profit sectors, is for the UK to be a key knowledge hub in the global economy, with a reputation not only for outstanding scientific and technological discovery, but also as a world leader in turning that knowledge into new products and services." |
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Innovation Nation: White Paper Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities & Skills, the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Secretary of State for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform by Command of Her Majesty
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2008 onwards |
“We want to create an Innovation Nation because Britain can only prosper in a globalised economy if we unlock the talents of all of our people. “We want innovation to flourish across every area of the economy and, in particular, wherever high value added businesses can flourish and grow. We must innovate in our public services too. Innovation is as important to the delivery of healthcare and education as it is to industries such as manufacturing, retail and the creative economy. “Innovation will be the key to some of the biggest challenges facing our society, like global warming and sustainable development. We need to ensure that Britain contributes to the innovative solutions and that British business and the British people benefit from the new opportunities and prosperity they create. “In this White Paper, we set out our aim to make Britain the best country in the world to run an innovative business or public service. We can do this by investing in people and knowledge, unlocking talent at all levels, by investing in research and in the exploitation of knowledge and by using regulation, public procurement and public services to shape the market for innovative solutions. “In all this there is an exciting challenge for business, public services, third sector organisations, towns and cities, universities and colleges. Government can foster innovation but only people can create an Innovation Nation.” [Rt Hon John Denham MP, Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills; March 2008.] |
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United States |
S.2109: A Bill to provide a national innovation initiative |
2006 onwards |
This bill never became law but it was a very typical example of the national policy approach of innovation for the USA. It based upon the National Innovation Initiative (NII) Report: “Innovate America - Thriving in a World of Challenge and Change.” |
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America Competes Act |
2007 onwards |
To invest in innovation through research and development, and to improve the competitiveness of the United States. America Competes Act Overview America Competes Act Summary |
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A Strategy for American Innovation: Driving Towards Sustainable Growth and Quality Jobs |
2009 onwards |
“History should be our guide. The United States led the world’s economies in the 20th century because we led the world in innovation. Today, the competition is keener; the challenge is tougher; and that is why innovation is more important than ever. It is the key to good, new jobs for the 21st century. That’s how we will ensure a high quality of life for this generation and future generations. With these investments, we’re planting the seeds of progress for our country, and good-paying, private-sector jobs for the American people.” President Barack Obama, August 5, 2009 |
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